Theory of Occupational Therapy

OT is the art (because it is actu altogethery singleized) and science of modify engagment in ein truthday living, by dint of occupation of enabling hatful to veridicalize the occupations that encour grow healsth and well-being and of enabling a just and comprehensive order (things that be done to advocate on their behalf in world of education, funding etc. ) so that lal peopl e may fractureicipate to their potential in the dialy occupations of living.OT is the art (because it is very idiosyncraticized) and science of enabling engagment in customary living, by dint of occupation of enabling batch to transact the occupations that protect healsth and well-being and of enabling a just and inclusive society (things that atomic number 18 done to advocate on their behalf in world of education, funding etc. ) so that lal peopl emay participate to their potential in the dialy occupations of animation.Theory of Ocupational Therapy OT is very node- touch how the single( a) defines the activity is what is important Hisotry of OT Early 1900s in that location was a displacement towarf ared understanding that it was important to be healthy and happy- started mostly in amiable health (started in mental asylems with occupational aids) realized that when on that point were given jobs and were purposefullly occupied they got better quickerDunton 1919 occupation is as necessary to demeanor as food and sop up every gentlemans being should stimulate some(prenominal) physical and mental occupations all should wipe out occupations which they engoy, or hobbies sick minds, sick bodies and sick souls may be healthed thru occupation thus ocupation was defined as twain the domain of concern and the theapeutic medium of occupational therapyWWI Diversional therapy to cavort attention a counselling from imperfection and illness The war lsted much longer so many to a greater extent disbled than had anticipated, found that diverting attention a counse l from their physial problems real helped them War-aids the too soon Ots, helped adapt activities for soldiers to participate in society ( sueed mostly with individuals who had a loss of limb) 0s- 90s Therapeutic shift curative potential of actibities not occupation Enablement of meaningful occupation reduce on occupational roles in society First Canadian occupational therapy guidelines on client-centred practice did not refer to occupation yet rather to the therapeutic use of activity bow focusing on enablement of meaningful occupation focus on occupational roles in society not just somewhat giving people something to do tune Groups of activities and tasks of everydy behavior, named, nonionised and given meaning by individuals and a culture, It iseverything people do to occupy themselves, including looking after themselves ( self- shell out0, enjouing life ( blank), and alter to the br other(a)ly and economic fabric of their communities (productiveness) Shows that it i s much(prenominal) than work up they are human activities or tasks organised to fulfil a particular function tradeGroups of activities and tasks of everydy life, named, take aim and given meaning by individuals and a culture, It iseverything people do to occupy themselves, including looking after themselves (self-care0, enjouing life (leisure), and contri stilling to the kindly and economic fabric of their communities (productivity) Shows that it is much than work they are human activities or tasks unionized to fulfil a particular function Definitions change occupationOT is necessary when solutions to elaborateness in the occupations of everyday living become a contest, or are at risk of becoming a challenge when solutions to performing or engaging in sought after occupations become difficult Collaborating with people to choose, organize and perform occupations which people find useful or meaningful in a given environment run doing or participating, draw into, involv e others, involve oneself, becomes occupiedTask localise of purposeful activities in which a soul eng durations i. e writing a report Activity fundamental unit of a task, singular pursuit that contributes to the mop up of a task Occupation is braoder than either of these as it encompasses more than one task, while tasks encompass more than one activity Key Features of Occupations 1) Affects Health 2) organize time and brings structure to life 3) brings meaning to life ) are idiosyncratic very individualized occupations bunghole also be maladaptive- risky, unhealthy, illegal and illicit eg. weed Basic Human Need Dundons credo nearly occupation disputes how occupation is a basic human need Occupations provide people with a give ear experience demands of an occuption are in harmony with the skills of the psyche and the environment in which the occupation is performed Determinants of HealthHealth is learned as more than the absence of disease and is infuenced by what people do in everyday life In twentieth century occupation was disc all overed to have a motivating effect on wonded soldiers coming position from war Alma Ata Declaration of Health for All by the Year 2000 made piddle that health depends on people having meaninful occupations which provide them with housing, empoyment, community and enjoymentSource of meaning mental motivation and volition are dependent on people finding meaning in the occupations that hold their everyday life The meaning of an occupation is individual and culturally determined Meaning differs from purpose in occupation fanny be meaninful to soul/ grouping without any identifiable purpose Source of Purpose in that location is no universal potpourri of the purpose of occupation Canadian therapist defined 3 main purposes 1) self care, 2) productivity, and 3) leisure But it is relly determined by individual ask and desires within an environmental context Athough classification is arbitrary it offs a convenient and manageable way of explaing occupation to clients, professionals , also helps prompt Ots to think astir(predicate) the full range of occupations in a life Source of Choice and Control Control is more than choice.People may make choices some their occupations but have little control to act on choices. There is an element of personal control when people study persistence or find creative shipway of following up on their choices. Contol is dependent on opportunities provided by the environment Source of Balance and happiness Balance refers to the pattern of occupation over eld or years individualal views of balance are influenced by cultrual and other environmental expectations Descriptor Occupation can be used as a descriptor of hman demeanours to provide new perspectivesabout occupation occupational . Behaviour aspect or class of human action that encompasses mental and physical doing 2. Competence sufficiency or sufficency in an occupational skill, opposition all requireme nts of an environment 3. Dvelopmetn gradual change in occupational behaviour over time, resulting from the growth and maturation of the individual in interaction with the environment 4. executing the actual execution or carrying out of an occupation 5. character usual or required occupations of an individual Person * Believe in worth of all persons holistic view New Canadian Model of occupational Performance presents the person as integrated intact who incorporatses spirituality, social and cultural experiences, and observable occupational surgical procedure Spirituality (uniquely and truly human) * Has always been important in canadian OT early badge that Ots ware show inegration of mind, body and spirtit * Recognizes inrinsic value and respecting their beliefs, values and goals, regardless of faculty, age or other characteristics * Consideration of S is a way of developing a clear discernment for the uniqueness of each person in the occupational therapist-person kindPer formance * OT has traditionally attended to the performacne components which contribute to successful engagement in occupation * 3 surgical process componants embarrass 1. affective the domain that comprises social and emotional functions and includes twain interpersonal and intrapersonal factors 2. cognitive (thinking) the domain that comprises all mental functions both cognitive and intellectual, and includes, among other things, perception, concentration memory etc 3. physical (doing the domain that comprises all seonsory, motor and sensorimotor functions occupational performance the result of a combat-ready race between eprsons, environment and occupation * refers to the business leader to choose and satisfactorily perform meaninful occupations that are cultrually defined, and distinguish for looking after ones self, enjoying life, and contributing to the social ad economic fabric in a community * represents the actual execution or carrying out of occupation and is the e xperience of a person engaged in ocupation within an environment * person-environment congruousness suggests the interdependence f humans and environment this helps canvas optimal occupational performanceoccupational Life Course A developmental Perspective * An enlarging spiral diagram shows ones cumulative experience in occupational performance grows over time, even if the number and diversity of occupations diminishes because of aging, disability, enviro, etc. * Occupational development may result in change magnitude complexity in some occupations but not thers development of self-care occupations may advance more readily than development in productivity occupations or leisure may be omitted when self care and productivity are overwhelming thickening Centred blueprint idea of being client centred in OT bulged in the early 1980s * CC practice refers to collaborative appraochs aimed t enabling occupation with clients who may be individuals, gorups, agencies, governments, c orporations or others. Ots demonstrate respect for clients, involve clients indecision making, adocate with and for clients in meeting clients needs, and otherwise recognize clients experience and familiarity CC practice refers to collaborative appraochs aimed t enabling occupation with clients who may be individuals, gorups, agencies, governments, corporations or others.Ots demonstrate respect for clients, involve clients indecision making, adocate with and for clients in meeting clients needs, and otherwise recognize clients experience and knowledge Started to emerge in the 1940s-mid 1960s started in social work * Underlying theme is re experience of the autonomy of the indiviudal person even though persons are understood to be interdependent in their environment * It represents an ethical position by occupational therapists based on popular ideas of empowerment and justiceClient individuals who may have occupational problems arising from medical checkup conditions, transition al difficulties, or environmental barriesr, or clients may be organizations hat influence the occupational performance of particular groups or populations Translated into practice through proccess of enablement clients are participents in occupational therapy Recognizes that people are alert participants in occupational performance, whereas teatment and caregiving forms of helping are utilise to people who are dependent on their helperEnabling refers to processes of facilitating, guiding, coaching, educating, prompting, listening, reflecting, encouraging, or otherwise collaborating with people so that individuals, groups and agencies or organizations have the means and opportnity to participate in shaing their own lives. direct Principles for Enabling Occupation in Client-centred Practice * stall practive on client values, meaning and choice as much as possible * Listen to clients visions * Facilitaite processes for clients envision what might be possible * Support clients to e xamine risks/ consequences Support them to succeed, but also to risk and belong * Respect their own syles of coping or delivery about change * Guide clients to identify needs from their own perspective * Facilitiate clients to choose outcomes that they define as meaninful even if OT doesnt agree * Encourage and actively assuage clients to participate in decision-making partnership in tharpy, class planning, and policy formation * Provide info that willing answer clients questions in making choices * Offer function that do not overwhelm clients with beuraucracy * Foster open, clear communication Invite them to use their strengths and natural cummunity supports CMOP-E Canadian Model of Ocupational Performance and Engagemet Occupational performance is the relationship between persons, enviro and ocuupation over persons lifespan It refers to the ability to choose, organize, and satisfacotily perform meaningful occupations that are culturally defined and age appropriate for looking after oness self, enjoying life, and contribuint to the social and economic fabric of a community The CMOP diagrammatically illustrates an occupational thereapy perspective on the dynamic relationship between persons, environment and occupation of all ersons Occupation occurs between person and environment Everytime you see a new client you need to think about all the different parts of the * Person (inner circle) The person in the middle converys Ots cient-cenred perspective, attends to the individuals occupational needs in his/her specific environment * spirituality (drive- essence) , * physical (strength, ROM, paralysis) * cognitive * affective (mood, mental health side) * Occupation (middle circle) * Selfcare * productivity * Leisure * Environment (idea that occupation occurs in an environment) (outer circle) * neighborly Cultural (stigma based on religious view etc. culture of university/ family) * Institutional (policies, guidelines and practices about what can/cant do) * Physical (accessibility) Back to maiden example Competence- actual or potential ability to engage in occupation * Ex. If you arent a secure cook you tend to do other things (frozen/ other person cooks) tend to not continue to do things that you arent good at Deprivation prevented from taking part in occupation * Very important evolution gradual change in occupational behaviour How do people shape and evolve into the occupational couse of their lives Identity how you see yourself related to occupational roles * king-size part of how we see ourselves Pattern predictable way of doing occupation PRACTICE Client vs. patient * Individuals are routinely called patients because they need to be taken care of (mainly in acute care) not a potty of choice in decision making Client-centred Practice In OT because you take into consideration what is important to YOU * collaborative relationship with clients * Clients as active participants in therapy * Client is at the centre of practice Re spect for client wishes, goals, and differences Occupational Issues Clearly distinct from symptoms not depression, cognition etc Occupational comebacks BECAUSE of the health issue challenges to occupational engagment ex/ if you have left sided weakness an occupational issue may be writing, dressing Occupational Performance Issue Someone with a head injury where there is no physical change but could be difference in organization Prioritizing OPIs If person has a head injury and you make a list of all the things you are wondering about and they confirm that they are effecting them then you have to range How do you prioritize Find out what is unfeignedly important to the client * What is safe * Limitations 35 female Karen married with 2 kids aged 6 and 3 teaches JK, has SCI, uses manual wheelchair ? 10 Possible OPIs? chela sustenance ? Cooking? Active playing with Kids? Driving to work? Changing baby diapers? Intimacy with Spouse ? cleanup ? Transfers? Hygiene ? S ocial Activities Limited ? o 2 Priority OPIs? Child Care? Hygiene ? o Treatment for OPIs Using Occupation/Activity ? Child Care ? Policy change to increase social support? Hygiene? Shower Seat